Heerka kobaca kaydka kaydka ee Mareykanka ee hadda jira wuxuu marayaa heerkii ugu hooseeyay ee taariikhi ah, rubuci hore ee 2024-kana waxaa la filayaa inuu galo dib-u-cusboonaysiin firfircoon. Mareykanka wuxuu galay marxaladda dib-u-cusboonaysiinta, intee le'eg ayuu yahay doorka hoggaamineed ee dhoofinta Shiinaha?
Zhou Mi, oo ah cilmi-baare ka tirsan Akadeemiyada Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha ee Wasaaradda Ganacsiga Shiinaha, ayaa aaminsan in saameynta dib u buuxinta kaydka Mareykanka ee dhoofinta Shiinaha, dhinaca kale, Mareykanka uu kordhiyay isticmaalka gudaha marka ay dhacdo kororka kobaca dhaqaalaha, qaar ka mid ah isticmaalkan waxaa laga soo dejiyaa Shiinaha, qaarna waxaa laga soo dejiyaa dalal kale, kororka isticmaalka gudaha ee Mareykanka daruuri ma noqon doonto saameyn xooggan oo ku kalifaysa dhoofinta Shiinaha. Maadaama Mareykanka uu hadda kala duwan yahay ilaha sahayda ganacsiga, saamiga Shiinaha ee suuqa soo dejinta Mareykanka ayaa si gaar ah loo kala qaybiyay. Dhanka kale, waxay sidoo kale ka timaaddaa hagaajinta qaab-dhismeedka warshadaha ee Mareykanka. Inta lagu jiro horumarinta warshadaha wax soo saarka ee Mareykanka, agabyo badan oo ceeriin ah iyo alaabo dhexdhexaad ah ayaa loo baahan yahay in la soo dejiyo, taas oo beddeshay xaaladda soo dejinta alaabada kama dambaysta ah. Shiinaha waa mid ka mid ah soosaarayaasha ugu muhiimsan adduunka ee alaabada dhexdhexaadka ah, wax soo saarka Shiinahana wuxuu gacan ka geysan karaa horumarinta warshadaha iyo shirkadaha khuseeya ee Mareykanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, Shiinuhu wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidada tartanka ugu horreysa adduunka ee qaar ka mid ah alaabada cagaaran, oo ay ku jiraan tamar cusub iyo teknoolojiyada kaarboon yar, taas oo siin doonta door aad muhiim u ah taageerada Mareykanka ee dib u buuxinta kaydkeeda iyo hagaajinta qaab-dhismeedka tamarta.
Ni Yueju, oo ah cilmi-baare ka tirsan Machadka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka iyo Siyaasadda Akadeemiyada Sayniska Bulshada ee Shiinaha, ayaa sheegay in saameynta ka dhalan karta dib-u-cusboonaysiinta Mareykanka ee dhoofinta Shiinaha ay saameyn ku leedahay saamiga dhoofinta Shiinaha iyo xoojinta baahida Mareykanka. Laga soo bilaabo waayo-aragnimada taariikhiga ah, alaabada leh saamiga sare ee Shiinaha ayaa si dhakhso ah u kora; Marka xoojinta dib-u-soo-celinta Mareykanka ay weynaato, celceliska kobaca ee dhoofinta Shiinaha ee Mareykanka ee alaabada kala duwan ayaa sarreeya. In kasta oo saamiga dhoofinta Shiinaha ee soo dejinta Mareykanka uu hoos u dhacay sababtoo ah saameynta isku dhaca ganacsiga ee Shiinaha iyo Mareykanka, haddana Shiinaha ayaa weli ah saddexda soo-dejiya ee ugu sarreeya ee soo dejinta Mareykanka. Hoos u dhaca ugu weyn ee saamiga dhoofinta Shiinaha ee Mareykanka waxaa lagu ururiyay alaabada canshuurta sare leh, faa'iidooyinka dhaqameed ee Shiinahana si yar ayay u saameeyaan, taasoo ka dhigan saami aad u sarreeya, sida warshadaha fudud, dharka, badeecadaha yaryar, mashiinnada iyo qalabka, qalabka guryaha iyo alaabta guriga. Waxaa la filayaa in soo jiidashada wareegga hadda ee dib-u-cusboonaysiinta alaabada ee dhoofinta Shiinaha ay ku koobnaan karto silsiladda guryaha sida qalabka guryaha iyo alaabta guriga; Birta, mashiinnada iyo silsiladda dhismaha kale; Dharka, dharka iyo qaybaha kale ee silsiladda macaamiisha.
Li Hongbing, oo ah bare ka tirsan Dugsiga Dhaqaalaha iyo Maareynta ee Jaamacadda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta ee Beijing, ayaa aaminsan in marka Mareykanka uu galo marxaladda dib-u-cusboonaysiinta, laga bilaabo dhinaca saadka, saamiga sare ee badeecadaha Shiinaha, dabacsanaanta heerka kobaca ayaa inta badan ka weyn; Dhinaca baahida, marka dib-u-soo-celinta Mareykanka ay xoog badan tahay, celceliska heerka kobaca ee dhoofinta alaabada kala duwan ee Mareykanka ayaa ka sarreeya. Labadii wareeg ee wareegyada dib-u-cusboonaysiinta ee Mareykanka, muddada 2020-2022 waa wareeg dib-u-cusboonaysiin xooggan, heerka kobaca dhoofinta ee alaabada loo kala saaray HS ee Shiinaha ee Mareykanka waa 5.7%, muddada 2016-2018 waa wareeg dib-u-cusboonaysiin daciif ah, xaruntuna waa 1.3% oo keliya wareegga dib-u-cusboonaysiinta daciifka ah, waxaa jira farqi yar oo ku yimid heerka kobaca ee dhoofinta alaabada kala duwan ee Shiinaha, waana lagama maarmaan in la falanqeeyo saameynta dhinaca baahida.
Saamiga dhoofinta Shiinaha ee Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacay, laakiin saamiga badeecadaha tartanka ku jira ayaa weli sarreeya. Laga bilaabo Noofambar 2023, saamiga Shiinaha ee wax soo dejinta Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacay 22% sannadkii 2018 ilaa 14%, iyadoo dib loogu celiyay heerka 2006. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Shiinaha waa mid ka mid ah saddexda soo dejiye ee ugu sarreeya Mareykanka, oo ka dambeeya Mexico iyo Kanada. Khilaafka ganacsiga ee Shiinaha iyo Mareykanka ayaa ah sababta ugu weyn ee hoos u dhaca saamiga, laakiin ma sharxi karo dhammaan, dhoofinta Shiinaha ee Mareykanka ee aan wax soo saarka ahayn weli waa heerkii ugu sarreeyay. Ka dib 2018, Mareykanka wuxuu canshuur dheeraad ah ku soo rogay Shiinaha afar dufcadood, badeecadaha hoos u dhaca ugu weyn ku yimid saamiga dhoofinta Shiinaha ee Mareykanka waxay ku urursanaayeen alaabada qiimaha sare leh, alaabada aan wax soo saarka ahayn ee loo dhoofiyo Mareykankana waxay gaareen heerkii ugu sarreeyay oo saameyn yar ayay ku yeesheen. Dhanka kale, saamiga dhoofinta Shiinaha ee Mareykanka ayaa sidoo kale si togan ula xiriira baahida soo dejinta ee Mareykanka, marka baahida soo dejinta ee Mareykanka ay soo noqoto, dhoofinta Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale la hagaajin karaa ilaa xad. Faa'iidooyinka dhoofinta Shiinaha ee Mareykanka waxaa ku badan warshadaha fudud, dharka, alaabada yaryar, mashiinnada iyo qalabka, qalabka guryaha iyo alaabta guriga.
Isha: Dharka Shiinaha
Waqtiga boostada: Maarso-25-2024